What are geophysical surveys?

Geophysical surveys refer to a complex of interconnected works aimed at studying the physical characteristics of soil, its properties, and the level of groundwater, as well as identifying possible cracks, faults, and voids. These works are usually included in the category of engineering geological surveys, which are recommended to be carried out during the design stage of a building or structure using specialized equipment.

Geophysical surveys are considered a key stage in the design of a structure. These surveys are performed to ensure the strength of the designed buildings. Special attention is paid to the foundation, which is the support of any structure. Therefore, the key value in geophysical surveys lies in calculating the condition of the building's foundation when constructed on a land plot.

Why are geophysical surveys necessary?

Geophysicists of geological centers carry out the following activities:

• Determining the composition and physical characteristics of the soil, for example, its deformability, which directly affects the likelihood of deformation or settlement of the foundation and the entire building.
• Identifying specific types of soil on the land plot that may cause changes in the design parameters of foundation structures.
• Determining the probability of manifestation of geological processes and phenomena dangerous for construction or operation of the building.
• Searching for karst voids and cracks, as well as other underground objects on the land plot that can significantly reduce the reliability of the foundation.
• Analyzing characteristics of underground water, including the strength and direction of flow, and the level of groundwater.
• Determining the location of all underground utilities located on the land plot.
• Studying the geological cross-section of the land plot.

Methods of geophysical surveys

Geophysical surveys typically include:

• seismic survey works;
• electrical survey works;
• ground-penetrating radar survey works.
• analysis of wells on the land plot.

Performing these surveys, specialists use various methods of analysis depending on the scope of work. These methods may be electrical, radioactive, electromagnetic, acoustic, etc. In addition, during geophysical surveys, special equipment is used — drilling rigs, sampling equipment, etc.