Cotyledon orbiculata

Cotyledon orbiculata var. oblonga, commonly known as a variety of the pig's ear, is a succulent shrub belonging to the Crassulaceae family. Widely recognized for its architectural beauty and resilience, this species has become a staple in arid-land gardening and container cultivation due to its ability to thrive under minimal water supply.

Native to Southern Africa, this plant has adapted to rocky environments and harsh sun. Its distribution spans various temperate and subtropical zones where it is cultivated for its ornamental value in rock gardens, xeriscaping projects, and commercial nursery production. The plant is prized for its year-round evergreen foliage and impressive seasonal floral displays.

Morphologically, the plant is characterized by its thick, fleshy leaves, which often display a glaucous, powdery coating that minimizes transpiration. The plant produces tall inflorescences bearing pendant, bell-shaped flowers that range in color from orange to reddish hues. Its root system is shallow, reflecting its adaptation to absorbing moisture from light rainfall and dew.

Successful cultivation requires a well-draining, gritty soil mix to prevent root rot, which is the primary challenge for growers. The plant demands full sun to partial shade; inadequate light leads to etiolation and weak stem structure. Watering should be infrequent, following a 'soak and dry' method, especially during the dormant winter months when the plant requires very little moisture.

Typical pests include mealybugs and aphids, which tend to congregate in the leaf axils or on emerging flower stalks. Disease management focuses primarily on preventing fungal pathogens by maintaining airflow and avoiding water stagnation. While the plant is robust, it must be protected from temperatures below freezing, as the high water content in its tissues makes it prone to cellular damage from frost.

• Requires well-draining, sandy or gritty substrate
• Needs direct sunlight for optimal growth
• Sensitive to overwatering and high humidity
• Propagation via stem or leaf cuttings
• Susceptible to mealybugs and fungal rot