Big squirreltail

Big squirreltail (Elymus multisetus) is a perennial grass species belonging to the Poaceae family. Known for its distinct inflorescence and resilience, it is a significant plant in range management, particularly in arid and semi-arid landscapes of the Western United States.

The plant originates from the mountainous and plateau regions of North America. Its natural habitat includes rocky slopes and grasslands, where it often acts as a pioneer species on disturbed sites. Its wide distribution reflects its adaptability to varied elevations and environmental stressors.

Botanically, Elymus multisetus is characterized by its tufted growth habit and stiff, bristly spikes. The leaves are typically narrow and may be smooth or pubescent. The dense, brush-like seed heads are the primary diagnostic feature, appearing in late spring and early summer as the plant reaches maturity.

In terms of agricultural requirements, the species thrives in well-drained, alkaline or neutral soils. It is remarkably drought-tolerant, often staying green longer than associated species in the same community. Agronomical management involves minimal intervention, though grazing must be carefully timed to allow the plant to produce seed and maintain root energy reserves.

The primary use of Big squirreltail is as forage for livestock and wildlife, particularly during the early spring when it provides essential nutrients. It is also an excellent candidate for erosion control and reseeding projects on fire-damaged or degraded rangelands. Potential pests include grasshoppers and aphids, while common diseases involve smut fungi that can affect the seed heads under moist conditions.

• Excellent drought tolerance
• Strong root system for erosion control
• High value for spring grazing
• Native species suitable for land restoration