White mulberry

White mulberry (lat. Morus alba) is a perennial deciduous tree belonging to the Moraceae family. This species is widely recognized as the primary food source for silkworm larvae, which makes it a crucial plant in the global sericulture industry.

Native to East Asia, the white mulberry has been cultivated for thousands of years. It has a broad geographical range, currently thriving in various temperate and subtropical climates across the globe, serving both ecological and agricultural purposes in many countries.

The tree exhibits significant morphological diversity, growing up to 15–20 meters in height. Its leaves are broad and often lobed, while the fruit is a collective berry-like structure that changes from white to deep purple upon ripening. The tree is known for its deep root system, which helps stabilize soil and withstand dry conditions.

Regarding cultivation, the plant is relatively undemanding. It flourishes in full sun and thrives on well-drained loamy soils. Agricultural practices should focus on proper pruning to ensure structural integrity and fruit yield. While drought-tolerant once established, young trees benefit from supplemental irrigation during their first seasons.

The economic value of white mulberry extends beyond sericulture. The fruits are rich in antioxidants and are widely used for human consumption, including drying, baking, and winemaking. Growers must remain vigilant against pests such as the mulberry scale or leaf-eating caterpillars, as well as fungal diseases that can compromise tree health.