Coutinho oak

The Coutinho oak (Quercus coutinhoi) is a species of deciduous tree belonging to the Fagaceae family. Within the scientific community, this species is often classified as a close relative or subspecies of the Pyrenean oak, exhibiting specific morphological traits perfectly adapted to the environmental conditions of the Iberian Peninsula.

This species is endemic to Portugal and is found in limited areas of western Spain. It thrives in regions influenced by the ocean, where it forms distinct oak woodlands that are crucial for maintaining local biodiversity and providing essential soil protection functions within the landscape.

Botanically, the tree is characterized by deeply lobed leaves covered with distinct pubescence on the underside, which helps the plant efficiently retain moisture. The tree's bark is thick and dark gray, providing necessary protection for the trunk against sudden temperature fluctuations and mechanical damage during hot, dry summer months.

Successful cultivation of this crop requires well-drained, slightly acidic soils. The Coutinho oak is light-demanding and prefers sites with high levels of natural sunlight; however, when young, it can tolerate moderate side shading. The optimal climate for this species is moderately humid with mild winters.

Economic use of the species is focused on reforestation and the creation of protective forest belts. The wood is known for its high durability and resistance to decay, making it valuable in furniture production and construction. Furthermore, the acorns of this species serve as a highly nutritious food source for traditional livestock farming in the region.

• Susceptibility to fungal infections such as powdery mildew.
• Infestation by leaf-eating insects during the spring growth phase.
• Requirement for physical protection of saplings against wild ungulates.
• Risk of root rot development in poorly drained or waterlogged soils.