Bean golden mosaic

Bean golden mosaic is a significant viral disease caused by members of the Begomovirus genus. This plant pathogen contains a circular single-stranded DNA genome and relies entirely on insect vectors for transmission, representing a major challenge for legume production in tropical and subtropical regions.

The primary host for this virus is the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). However, the host range can extend to other related legume species, which act as reservoirs for the virus, ensuring its survival and persistence in agricultural ecosystems throughout the growing season.

Symptoms of the disease are characterized by striking golden or bright yellow mosaic patterns on the foliage. Infected plants often exhibit stunted growth, leaf curling, and severe distortion of the pods, which significantly impairs the plant's ability to undergo normal development and reproduction.

The disease is transmitted exclusively by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Development and spread are favored by high temperatures and drought conditions, which trigger rapid population growth of the insect vector, leading to widespread transmission of the virus across susceptible bean crops.

Managing this disease requires an integrated strategy to minimize economic losses. Effective control measures include:

• Planting virus-resistant cultivars.
• Rigorous monitoring and control of whitefly populations with insecticides.
• Elimination of weeds that serve as alternative viral hosts.
• Maintaining proper field sanitation and crop rotation schedules.