Bean golden mosaic

Bean golden mosaic is a significant viral disease caused by members of the Begomovirus genus. These viruses belong to the Geminiviridae family and are characterized by their circular single-stranded DNA genomes. They are primarily transmitted by the whitefly complex, which poses a severe threat to bean cultivation globally.

The primary host plant is the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The virus can also infect several wild legume species, which act as alternative hosts and reservoirs for the virus, facilitating its survival in the environment between cropping cycles.

Symptoms of the infection manifest as a striking mosaic pattern on the foliage, characterized by yellow or golden patches interspersed with green tissue. Affected plants exhibit stunted growth, leaf curling, and severe deformation. The reproductive capacity is drastically reduced, leading to flower abortion and poor pod development.

The transmission is mediated exclusively by the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The epidemiology of the disease is closely linked to the population dynamics of the vector. Outbreaks are most frequent in tropical environments where warm temperatures accelerate the whitefly life cycle and facilitate rapid virus spread throughout the field.

Integrated pest management (IPM) is essential for mitigating the impact of this virus. Key strategies include the selection of resistant or tolerant cultivars, which is the most effective approach. Additionally, chemical control of whitefly populations, the elimination of weed hosts, and the use of spatial or temporal isolation strategies are critical for maintaining field health and maximizing yield potential.