Senna begomovirus

Senna begomovirus (Begomovirus sennae) is a viral pathogen belonging to the Geminiviridae family. Like other viruses in the genus Begomovirus, it is characterized by a circular single-stranded DNA genome. It is classified as an obligate parasite, as it relies on host cell machinery for replication and must use insect vectors for long-distance dissemination.

The primary hosts of this virus are plants within the Senna and Cassia genera. These plants are often susceptible to infection, which disrupts their growth and biological activity. Due to the systemic nature of the infection, the virus spreads through the vascular system, eventually affecting the entire plant morphology.

Symptoms typically manifest as pronounced leaf mosaic patterns, yellowing (chlorosis), and significant curling of the leaves. Infected plants may exhibit stunted growth, reduced leaf size, and lower overall biomass production. These signs vary depending on the plant variety, age, and environmental conditions at the time of infection.

Transmission of the pathogen occurs through the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a circulative, persistent manner. The virus is acquired by the insect while feeding on the phloem of infected plants and can be transmitted to healthy hosts after a short latent period. Warm and humid climates provide optimal conditions for both the multiplication of whitefly populations and the rapid spread of the virus.

Management of the disease requires an integrated strategy centered on vector control. Effective measures include the application of systemic insecticides to suppress whitefly populations, the use of screen houses to exclude insects, and the strict removal of symptomatic plants to reduce the local viral reservoir. Maintaining weed-free fields is also essential, as surrounding vegetation often serves as an alternative host for the virus.