Golden mosaic of solanaceous crops

Solanaceous golden mosaic is a severe plant disease caused by viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus. These pathogens are characterized by a circular single-stranded DNA genome and are known for their ability to significantly impair the physiological functions of host plants. As a viral disease, it cannot be cured once the plant is systemically infected.

The host range of this virus primarily includes members of the Solanaceae family, such as tomatoes, peppers, and potatoes. These crops are vital agricultural commodities, and outbreaks of this virus can lead to catastrophic yield losses. The virus is also known to persist in various weed species, which act as alternate hosts throughout the growing season.

The primary symptom is a striking golden or yellow mosaic pattern on the foliage, accompanied by vein yellowing and severe leaf curling or distortion. In advanced stages of the disease, plants exhibit stunted growth, reduced leaf size, and significant shedding of flowers. The overall quality and quantity of fruit produced are drastically reduced.

Transmission of the virus is strictly mediated by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. The insect acquires the virus while feeding on infected sap and transmits it during subsequent feeding on healthy plants. Environmental conditions such as warm, dry weather are highly favorable for whitefly population growth, thereby increasing the speed and intensity of virus dissemination in the field.

Integrated pest and disease management is essential to mitigate the impact of this virus.

• Implementation of strictly scheduled insecticide applications to control whitefly populations.
• Utilization of virus-free certified seeds and transplants.
• Removal of infected plants immediately upon detection to reduce the primary inoculum.
• Management of weeds that serve as alternate hosts for both the virus and the whitefly.
• Deployment of physical barriers, such as insect-proof netting, in greenhouse environments.