Sulawesi solanaceous begomovirus

Sulawesi solanaceous begomovirus (Begomovirus solanumsulawesiense) is a dangerous viral pathogen belonging to the genus Begomovirus. This disease primarily affects solanaceous crops, causing systemic infection of the plant's vascular system, which leads to severe disruptions in metabolic and physiological processes.

The main natural reservoir and vector of the virus is the tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The insect transmits the virus while feeding on the sap of an infected plant, becoming a constant source of infection for healthy crops throughout its lifespan. The virus is transmitted in a persistent circulative manner, making control of the pest population critical.

Symptoms of the infection include typical signs of viral diseases in solanaceous plants: pronounced leaf curling, intercostal chlorosis, and general stunted growth. In tomatoes and peppers, fruit deformation and a significant decrease in market quality are observed, which in some cases leads to complete crop failure in infected areas.

Conditions for the development of the virus are closely linked to whitefly population activity. High air temperatures and moderate humidity create a favorable environment for the rapid multiplication of the vector, triggering epiphytotic outbreaks in greenhouses and open fields. The disease can also be transmitted through infected planting material if viral particles are present.

Control measures are comprehensive and include monitoring whitefly populations using yellow sticky traps, the application of systemic insecticides, and agronomic practices: eradicating weed reservoirs, adhering to strict quarantine measures, and selecting resistant varieties. It is crucial to promptly remove and destroy infected plants to prevent secondary infection of healthy crops.