Strawberry latent C virus

Strawberry latent C virus, identified by the Latin name Carlavirus fragariae, is a viral pathogen that poses a hidden threat to strawberry production. As a member of the genus Carlavirus, it thrives within the host plants, often causing chronic infections that lead to significant yield losses over time.

The primary host for this virus is the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). The virus is systemic, meaning it spreads throughout the entire vascular system of the plant, making it particularly difficult to contain once established within a field or a nursery block.

Symptoms of the infection can be subtle, which is why the virus is often termed "latent." Infected plants may exhibit stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, curling, and crinkling. In many cases, the reduction in berry size and overall plant vigor is mistakenly attributed to poor nutrition or environmental stress rather than a viral infection.

The transmission of this virus is primarily biological, mediated by insect vectors, specifically aphids. These insects acquire the virus while feeding on infected sap and transmit it to healthy plants during subsequent feeding sessions. Additionally, mechanical transmission through contaminated tools or the propagation of infected runners allows the virus to persist in nurseries.

Management strategy relies heavily on the use of virus-free nursery stock. Growers must implement strict sanitation protocols, including the immediate removal of symptomatic plants and a rigorous schedule for aphid control throughout the growing season. Preventing the introduction of the virus through infected planting material is the most crucial step in managing this disease.