Pear mosaic

The causative agent of the disease is the Pear mosaic virus (Emaravirus pyri), belonging to the Emaravirus genus. It is a systemic plant disease that affects the vascular system, disrupts photosynthetic activity, and leads to the gradual decline of the tree's vigor and fruit production over time.

The primary host for this pathogen is the common pear (Pyrus communis). The virus typically infects all aerial parts of the tree, including leaves, stems, and fruits. Due to its systemic nature, once a tree is infected, it remains a reservoir of the virus throughout its lifespan, posing a constant risk to neighboring trees.

Symptoms are characterized by chlorotic spots, rings, and a distinct mosaic pattern on the leaf blades, which are most visible during the early growing season. In severe cases, leaves may become distorted or crinkled, and affected trees often exhibit stunted growth and premature leaf senescence, which weakens the tree against winter conditions.

Transmission occurs primarily through infected propagation material, such as scions used in grafting or budding. In the orchard environment, the virus can also be spread by eriophyid mites, which act as vectors by transmitting viral particles while feeding on the sap of infected pear trees.

• Using only certified, virus-free rootstocks and scion wood for propagation.
• Implementing strict integrated pest management (IPM) to control mite populations.
• Disinfecting pruning shears and other tools between trees to prevent mechanical transmission.
• Removing and destroying symptomatic trees to limit the spread within the orchard.
• Establishing new orchards at a distance from older, potentially infected sites.