Fig powdery mildew

Fig powdery mildew is a serious fungal infection caused primarily by the pathogen Arthrocladiella mougeotii. This obligate parasite lives on the surface of the plant's tissues, feeding on sap through specialized structures called haustoria, which penetrate the plant cells and weaken the overall vitality of the fig tree.

This disease affects all varieties of Ficus carica. While it is particularly problematic for indoor or greenhouse-grown figs, it can also spread rapidly in outdoor orchards during seasons with high humidity, causing damage to foliage, tender shoots, and young developing fruit.

The primary symptom is the appearance of white, dusty spots on the upper or lower leaf surfaces. These spots eventually merge to cover the entire leaf, giving it a characteristic flour-dusted appearance. Severe infections lead to leaf yellowing, curling, premature leaf drop, and poor fruit development, which ultimately reduces the quality and quantity of the harvest.

The disease thrives in conditions where there is high relative humidity, low light levels, and temperatures ranging from 18°C to 25°C. Poor air circulation within the canopy acts as a catalyst, allowing fungal spores to germinate and spread quickly via wind, water splashes, or even through tools used for pruning infected trees.

Effective management requires an integrated approach:

• Pruning the canopy to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration.
• Sanitation by removing and destroying all infected fallen leaves and debris.
• Applying sulfur-based fungicides or appropriate systemic fungicides during the early stages of infection.
• Ensuring proper spacing between plants to prevent humidity buildup.
• Applying balanced fertilization to avoid excessive nitrogen, which promotes succulent, vulnerable growth.