Grapevine rupestris stem pitting

Grapevine rupestris stem pitting, caused by the Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) from the Foveavirus genus, is a widespread and economically significant viral disease of grapevines. The disease is often characterized by a long latent period, making it difficult to detect infected vines in the field without laboratory testing.

The virus primarily affects Vitis species, including commercial cultivars and various rootstocks. It is a major concern for grapevine nurseries because infected stock can serve as a long-term reservoir for the virus, facilitating its movement across different regions through grafting and nursery trade.

The symptomatic manifestation typically involves the development of pits and grooves in the woody cylinder, visible once the bark is peeled back. These physiological changes restrict the vascular flow, leading to stunted growth, reduced vigor of the vine, decline in berry quality, and long-term reduction in fruit production capacity.

Transmission of the virus occurs mainly through the use of infected propagation material (cuttings and rootstocks). Mechanical transmission via contaminated pruning equipment is another pathway, as sap containing viral particles can be transferred between vines. Insect vectors are generally not considered the primary drivers of field spread for this specific virus.

• Utilize high-quality, virus-tested, and certified planting material.
• Sanitize pruning tools consistently using appropriate disinfectants.
• Implement rigorous testing protocols (PCR, ELISA) in grapevine nurseries.
• Rogue out and destroy vines showing signs of severe viral decline.
• Maintain strict quarantine procedures when introducing new plant varieties.