Chickpea stunt disease

Chickpea stunt disease (CSD), associated with the genus Mastrevirus, is a severe viral infection affecting chickpea crops worldwide. It is a significant biological threat that causes widespread yield losses, particularly in regions where chickpea is a major agricultural commodity.

The disease primarily infects Cicer arietinum (chickpea). It functions as a systemic pathogen, colonizing the phloem of the host plant and disrupting its normal physiological development, nutrient transport, and overall metabolic balance.

The diagnostic symptoms of this disease include severe stunting, internode shortening, and chlorosis or reddening of the leaves. Infected plants often show a bunchy growth pattern and a noticeable reduction in leaf size. Flower and pod production are drastically curtailed, leading to poor yield quality and quantity.

Transmission occurs exclusively through insect vectors, specifically leafhoppers. These insects acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants and subsequently transmit it during feeding on healthy crops. Environmental factors such as warm temperatures and high moisture content favor the breeding and migration patterns of these vectors, exacerbating the spread of the virus.

Management strategies require an integrated approach. Farmers are advised to use resistant chickpea genotypes, as these are the most effective long-term solution. Additionally, vector control through insecticide applications early in the season is critical to prevent the initial spread of the virus from surrounding weed reservoirs into the field.