Maize streak virus

Mastrevirus storeyi is a viral pathogen of the Geminiviridae family, primarily responsible for the maize streak disease. It contains a circular single-stranded DNA genome and is recognized as one of the most damaging viral threats to cereal production in tropical and subtropical regions. Its biological cycle is deeply intertwined with the life cycle of its insect vectors.

The primary host for this virus is maize (Zea mays). However, its host range extends to a wide variety of grasses, which act as secondary reservoirs for the virus. By infecting wild and cultivated grasses, the virus ensures its survival through dry seasons or periods between cropping cycles.

Symptoms of maize streak disease typically manifest as distinct chlorotic stripes or streaks that run parallel to the leaf veins. Affected plants display severe chlorosis, stunted growth, and a significant reduction in grain yield. In cases of early infection, the crop can suffer total failure, as the plants fail to produce marketable ears.

The virus is transmitted in a persistent manner by leafhoppers of the genus Cicadulina. After feeding on an infected plant, the vector becomes capable of transmitting the virus for the remainder of its life. This efficiency in transmission makes even small populations of leafhoppers capable of initiating a severe outbreak within a crop field.

Management strategies focus on reducing vector populations and eliminating viral reservoirs. This includes the use of resistant maize hybrids, adjusting planting dates to avoid peaks in leafhopper activity, and controlling weeds that host both the virus and the vectors. Insecticide application is often necessary during the early stages of plant development to prevent the establishment of the disease.