Tomato spotted wilt-like virus

Orthotospovirus morivenae is a plant-pathogenic virus within the Orthotospovirus genus. This disease is known for its ability to cause severe systemic infections, significantly impacting the physiology of host plants and leading to substantial yield losses in commercial agricultural settings.

The virus has a relatively broad host range, primarily affecting Solanaceae crops. Tomatoes and peppers are particularly susceptible to infection. The presence of reservoir hosts, such as common weeds, allows the virus to persist in the field environment throughout the year, serving as a primary inoculum source for subsequent planting seasons.

Symptoms of the infection vary widely but typically include chlorotic spotting, distinct necrotic rings, and bronzing of leaves. In severe cases, the virus induces stem necrosis and stunted growth. Fruit symptoms often manifest as uneven ripening or necrotic blotches, which makes the produce non-marketable and causes economic damage to growers.

The virus is exclusively transmitted by thrips, with the Western flower thrips being a major vector. The transmission cycle requires the insect to acquire the virus during its larval stage. Once the insect becomes viruliferous, it retains the ability to transmit the pathogen throughout its adult life, facilitating efficient spread across large areas.

Management of this virus relies on an integrated pest management (IPM) approach. This includes aggressive control of thrips populations using insecticides and reflective mulches to deter the insects. Additionally, sanitation is crucial; removing infected plants and controlling host weeds minimizes the potential for the virus to spread from secondary sources.