Green iguana

The green iguana (Iguana iguana) belongs to the order Squamata and the family Iguanidae. While often viewed as exotic pets in many parts of the world, in their native regions of Central and South America and in introduced areas like Florida, these reptiles are classified as serious pests of agricultural and ornamental vegetation.

These lizards are primarily herbivorous. Their diet includes leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits from a wide variety of plant species. In the agricultural sector, they can inflict significant damage on commercial plantations by consuming young foliage and destroying entire crops of vegetables and fruit-bearing trees.

The biology of iguanas is characterized by high reproductive rates and great adaptability. Adult specimens can reach substantial sizes, allowing them to consume large amounts of plant biomass daily. Breeding is seasonal, and females lay eggs in burrows, which ensures a high survival rate of offspring in warm climates.

Damage patterns appear as ragged leaf edges and the total defoliation of stems. The pest does not simply nip at plant tissues but consumes entire branches, which results in stunted growth, weakened plant immunity, and reduced market yield. Iguanas pose a particular threat to gardens during the flowering and fruit-set stages.

Protection measures require a comprehensive approach based on physical barriers and habitat modification. Key methods include:

• Installing wire mesh fencing around vegetable beds and gardens.
• Using reflective tapes and ultrasonic repellents to reduce lizard interest in the area.
• Regular pruning of lower tree branches to restrict iguana access to the canopy.
• Clearing weeds and fallen fruit that may attract reptiles to the property.