Two-lined spittlebug

The two-lined spittlebug (Prosapia bicincta) is an insect species within the order Hemiptera and the family Cercopidae. The species is characterized by its distinctive appearance, featuring two orange or red lines across its dark wings. It is primarily recognized as a significant pest in turfgrass management and landscaping in North America.

The pest targets a wide variety of plant species, particularly grasses. Common hosts include bermudagrass, centipedegrass, and various ornamental grass varieties. By feeding on the sap of these plants, the two-lined spittlebug can cause significant yellowing, stunting, and even the death of large areas of turf, particularly during hot and dry summer months.

The life cycle begins with eggs laid at the base of plants. Once hatched, the nymphs begin producing a characteristic frothy mass, often referred to as "spittle." This substance is crucial for their survival, providing a microclimate that protects them from desiccation and predators while they feed on the host plant's xylem fluid.

The damage caused by these insects is two-fold. Nymphs cause localized damage through feeding, but adults are often more destructive due to their high mobility and capacity to damage more mature vegetation. Feeding results in the injection of saliva, which can be toxic to the plant, leading to the characteristic "browning" or "firing" effect seen in infested grass stands.

Effective management strategies are essential to keep populations below damaging levels:

• Frequent mowing to reduce the humidity levels that nymphs require.
• Proper irrigation practices to maintain plant health and soil moisture.
• Removal of thatch layers where eggs and nymphs can find shelter.
• Application of appropriate insecticides during the nymphal stage to prevent adult emergence.