Mealybug Puto antioquensis

Systematic position: Puto antioquensis belongs to the order Hemiptera and is generally classified within the family Pseudococcidae (mealybugs), specifically the subfamily Putoinae. It is a specialized insect pest known for its adaptation to specific geographical niches, primarily in the Andean regions, where it impacts perennial crops.

Host plants: This species is a significant pest of blackberry (Rubus spp.) plantations. It demonstrates a high degree of specialization and has been identified as a limiting factor in the productivity of berries in areas where it establishes large populations, causing direct losses to commercial fruit growers.

Biology and life cycle: The life cycle involves egg production, several nymphal instars, and adult stages. The insect relies on its ability to feed on phloem sap, and throughout its development, it produces a distinct waxy secretion. This white powdery or mealy substance protects the nymphs and adults from environmental stressors and pesticides.

Nature of damage and harmfulness: The direct impact of feeding results in stunted growth, chlorosis of the foliage, and fruit drop. Furthermore, the secretion of honeydew promotes the growth of sooty mold, which impairs photosynthesis and significantly reduces the market value of the harvested fruit due to surface contamination.

Control measures: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is essential for controlling Puto antioquensis. Cultural practices like pruning, combined with the strategic application of systemic insecticides or horticultural oils, are key. Biological control using local predators or parasitoids is also a subject of ongoing research for sustainable orchard management.

• Visual inspection of the crown and branch forks for white cottony masses.
• Strict phytosanitary control during the transport of cuttings.
• Application of systemic insecticides during the peak of crawler activity.
• Implementation of mechanical pruning to remove infested branches.