Lesser mole-rat

Systematic position: The lesser mole-rat (Spalax leucodon) belongs to the order Rodentia, family Spalacidae. This subterranean mammal is perfectly adapted to an underground existence. Unlike common moles which are insectivores, the lesser mole-rat is strictly herbivorous, causing significant agricultural impact by consuming vegetable and root crops.

Crops damaged: This rodent feeds on a wide range of agricultural products. It poses a major threat to potato fields, carrots, beets, onions, and various root vegetables. In orchards, it frequently gnaws on the roots of young fruit trees and berry shrubs, often leading to stunted growth or the total death of the plants.

Biology and life cycle: The lesser mole-rat is a solitary creature that spends its life within a complex tunnel system. It rarely surfaces, performing all its activities underground. Females typically produce one litter of 2 to 4 offspring per year. They use their strong incisors to carve through dense soil, creating distinct earthen mounds as they expand their subterranean galleries.

Damage and harmfulness: The primary harm occurs through the destruction of root systems and the theft of vegetable harvests. The mole-rat gathers large quantities of crops into underground storage chambers for winter consumption. Their tunneling activity disrupts soil structure and agricultural equipment, while root destruction leads to immediate yield loss and plant collapse.

Protection measures: Controlling the lesser mole-rat is challenging due to its elusive nature. Effective strategies include:

• Deployment of specialized mechanical live traps within the main tunnel runways.
• Application of ultrasonic repellers to create constant soil vibration that deters the rodents.
• Using olfactory repellents, such as tar or diesel-soaked materials, placed deep inside the tunnels to force relocation.
• Installing underground wire mesh fencing to block tunnels from entering sensitive crop areas.