Root aphid

Systematic position: Trama pubescens is a member of the order Hemiptera and the family Aphididae. Unlike common leaf-dwelling aphids, this species has adapted to a subterranean life, dwelling within the soil profile and maintaining a symbiotic relationship with ants that protect and transport them.

Affected crops: This pest primarily targets members of the Asteraceae family. It is frequently found on various ornamental plants and agricultural crops within the Asteraceae group, often utilizing wild weeds as primary hosts before migrating to cultivated areas.

Biology and life cycle: The life cycle of Trama pubescens is characterized by several generations per growing season. The aphids reside on the roots of plants, utilizing the protective tunnels created by ants. They are highly efficient at colonization, and their development rate is significantly influenced by soil temperature and moisture levels.

Damage and economic impact: The damage is caused by the aphid's piercing-sucking mouthparts, which extract phloem sap from the plant roots. This activity leads to root necrosis, reduction in nutrient uptake, and secondary fungal infections. Heavily infested plants exhibit stunted growth, yellowing, and may eventually wilt or collapse due to root system failure.

Control measures: Effective management includes a combination of cultural and chemical strategies. Cultural practices, such as deep tillage to disrupt ant colonies and weed management, are crucial. In severe cases, systemic insecticides applied as a soil drench are the most effective method to ensure the chemical reaches the root zone where the aphids are actively feeding.