Atmospheric drought
A period characterized by high temperatures and low air humidity, leading to excessive transpiration in plants and potential wilting despite available soil moisture.
Также говорят: air drought, atmospheric water deficit, desiccation stress
Atmospheric drought is defined by a significant vapor pressure deficit, which forces plants to transpire at a rate exceeding their root absorption capacity. This phenomenon significantly impacts photosynthesis and reproductive development stages in crops.
To mitigate the impact, agronomists focus on implementing shelterbelts to reduce wind speed, maintaining optimal soil coverage to prevent surface heating, and applying foliar anti-transpirants. Irrigation management is crucial during the peak heat hours to prevent leaf scorch and systemic dehydration.
A common mistake is the application of high doses of nitrogen fertilizer during dry spells, which creates excessive leaf area that the plant cannot sustain. Farmers should also avoid mechanical weeding during peak drought conditions to prevent unnecessary moisture loss from the soil profile.