Ovine foot rot

Dichelobacter nodosus is an obligate anaerobic bacterium recognized as the primary causative agent of foot rot in sheep. It is important to clarify that this pathogen affects the hooves of livestock and is strictly a veterinary concern, not an agricultural plant disease.

The bacteria colonizes the skin of the interdigital space and proceeds to invade the hoof tissues. It secretes extracellular proteases that degrade the keratin of the hoof, leading to the separation of the horn from the underlying dermis, which characterizes the clinical manifestation of the disease.

Transmission occurs primarily through the environment, where the bacteria can persist in damp soil or bedding for a limited period. When healthy sheep come into contact with contaminated areas or infected animals, the bacteria can easily transfer to the softened, moist skin of the hoof.

• Acute lameness in one or more feet.
• Inflammation and moisture in the interdigital space.
• Underrunning of the hoof sole and wall.
• Foul, necrotic odor.
• Significant weight loss due to limited grazing.

The impact of foot rot on sheep farming is substantial, causing reduced growth rates, decreased wool quality, and severe animal welfare issues. Managing the disease is essential for maintaining the productivity and health of the flock throughout the year.

Control strategies involve a combination of foot trimming, antiseptic foot baths (typically using zinc sulfate), and strict biosecurity measures. By isolating infected animals and keeping the environment dry, producers can significantly reduce the prevalence of Dichelobacter nodosus within their herd.