Eperythrozoonosis of swine

It is crucial to clarify that Eperythrozoon suis (now classified as Mycoplasma suis) is not a plant disease. It is a veterinary pathogen that affects pigs, specifically targeting their red blood cells. In the field of agronomy, this organism is irrelevant, as it has no biological connection to plant pathology or crop protection.

The pathogen is a hemotropic bacterium belonging to the class Mollicutes. It colonizes the surface of erythrocytes, causing oxidative stress and structural damage to the cell membranes. This process results in massive hemolysis and severe anemia in infected swine populations.

Clinical manifestations include fever, icterus (jaundice), anemia, and cyanosis of the ears and snout. In breeding stocks, the disease is particularly hazardous, causing reproductive failures such as abortions, stillbirths, and high mortality rates among newborn piglets.

The transmission of Eperythrozoon suis occurs primarily via blood-sucking arthropod vectors, including lice, ticks, and stable flies. Furthermore, iatrogenic transmission is common due to the reuse of contaminated needles, ear-tagging equipment, or surgical instruments that have not been adequately disinfected.

Control strategies involve the consistent application of antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, and rigorous sanitary management. Producers must focus on vector control, maintaining strict biosecurity protocols, and implementing effective pest management systems to prevent the spread of the infection within the herd.