Strawberry gall

Pathogen and disease type. Strawberry gall is a serious disease caused by the parasitic chytrid fungus Synchytrium fragariae. As an obligate parasite, it forces the plant tissues to undergo abnormal cell division, leading to the formation of tumor-like growths known as galls on various parts of the strawberry plant.

Host crops. The primary host for this pathogen is the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Other species within the Fragaria genus can also act as reservoirs for the fungus. The pathogen is highly persistent, capable of surviving for several years in the soil as resting spores, which makes managing infested sites challenging.

Symptoms and signs. The characteristic symptoms include the development of small, wart-like galls on roots, petioles, runners, and floral stalks. Initially, these galls are light green or yellowish, gradually darkening to brown or black as they mature. Infected plants exhibit stunted growth, leaf deformation, and a significant reduction in overall yield and vigor.

Development and spread. The fungus thrives in moist conditions, which are essential for the release and motility of its zoospores. Spread occurs through contaminated water runoff, movement of infected plant material, and the transfer of soil by human activity or equipment. A cool to moderate climate combined with high soil moisture is highly conducive to the disease cycle.

Harmfulness and protection. The disease significantly impairs plant development and can lead to the total loss of productivity in a strawberry patch. Recommended management strategies include:

• Sourcing high-quality, disease-free nursery stock.
• Practicing strict crop rotation, ensuring a long gap of at least 5–6 years before replanting strawberries on the same site.
• Immediate eradication and safe disposal of infected plants and surrounding soil.
• Strict sanitation of all agricultural tools and equipment to prevent cross-contamination.
• Managing soil moisture and drainage to minimize the conditions favoring zoospore mobility.