Green hairstreak

Systematic position. The genus Callophrys is part of the Lycaenidae family, commonly known as gossamer-winged butterflies, within the order Lepidoptera. The most prominent species regarding agricultural impact is the Green hairstreak (Callophrys rubi). It is a diurnal butterfly found across various habitats, including woodlands, meadows, and managed orchard ecosystems, where it can act as an occasional pest.

Host plants. The larvae of this species are polyphagous, showing a preference for plants within the Rosaceae and Fabaceae families. Economically important host plants include cultivated raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, and various legumes. In orchards, they may occasionally feed on the buds and young developing fruits of pome and stone fruit trees, leading to economic losses.

Biology and life cycle. Typically, the species completes one generation per year. Overwintering occurs at the pupal stage, usually within the soil or deep within leaf litter. The emergence of adults occurs in spring. Females lay eggs individually on flower buds or the underside of leaves. Larvae develop over several weeks, consuming plant tissues before descending to the ground to pupate in the soil.

Damage and severity. The primary injury is caused by the caterpillars as they bore into flower buds, blossoms, and young fruits. This feeding behavior results in the destruction of reproductive structures, bud blasting, and the premature shedding of fruit sets. High infestations significantly reduce yield quality and quantity, which can be particularly damaging to berry farming if left unmonitored during the spring months.

Control measures. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is recommended for controlling Callophrys populations. Cultural practices such as autumn soil cultivation help disrupt pupation sites and reduce the overwintering population. Keeping orchard perimeters free of weeds that serve as alternative hosts is also critical. Chemical control should be targeted, using selective insecticides during the early bud development stage only when necessary.

• Regular monitoring of flower buds during spring.
• Mechanical destruction of pupae through soil tilling.
• Application of biological control agents where appropriate.