Manna cicada

The Manna cicada (Cicada orni) is an insect species belonging to the order Hemiptera and the family Cicadidae. It is predominantly found in Mediterranean climates and parts of Southern Europe and Asia. The species is well-known for the distinctive, loud buzzing sound produced by males, which serves to attract females during the mating season.

This pest affects a wide range of woody plants. Key host species include the ash tree, olive trees, and grapevines, as well as various fruit trees such as peach, apricot, apple, and pear. High populations of the insect can lead to localized damage that impairs the aesthetic and physiological health of the affected trees.

The life cycle of the Manna cicada is characterized by a prolonged underground nymphal stage, which can last several years. During this period, the nymphs feed on the xylem sap of tree roots. After emerging from the soil, they molt into adults. The adult phase is relatively short, focusing primarily on reproduction and laying eggs within plant tissues.

Damage is primarily caused by female cicadas during the egg-laying process. They use their saw-like ovipositor to create deep incisions in the bark of young shoots. These wounds disrupt the plant's vascular tissue, leading to shoot dieback, bark splitting, and an increased susceptibility to secondary pathogens such as fungi and bacteria.

Effective management strategies require an integrated pest management approach. Key practices include:

• Pruning and destroying infested twigs during the dormant season to eliminate eggs.
• Application of contact insecticides during the peak flight period of adults.
• Ensuring optimal tree nutrition and water management to enhance recovery.