Western green lizard

Systematic position: the Western green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) belongs to the order Squamata, family Lacertidae. While generally considered beneficial due to their insectivorous nature, their presence in high densities within intensive horticultural systems can lead to unintentional damage to crops and infrastructure.

Crops affected: the pest primarily impacts seedling beds, greenhouse vegetable production, and berry nurseries. The reptiles can damage tender young shoots of vegetables and strawberries, often by physical disturbance while foraging for insects or seeking thermal refuge within the dense foliage of low-growing plants.

Biology and life cycle: this species is diurnal, showing high activity levels during the warmest parts of the day. Females lay eggs in loose soil or organic matter piles, where the incubation occurs. Newly hatched individuals immediately occupy the surrounding vegetation, often clustering in highly managed agricultural areas that provide optimal food and shelter.

Nature of damage and harmfulness: the primary damage involves the mechanical disruption of the root zone while digging burrows, leading to wilting of young plants. Additionally, the constant movement of these reptiles can result in soil compaction and the destruction of delicate stem tissues, which may serve as entry points for various soil-borne pathogens.

Control measures: management strategies should focus on physical exclusion using fine-mesh netting or rigid barriers around vulnerable plots. Maintaining good sanitation practices, such as removing debris and organic waste piles near active planting areas, effectively reduces the habitat suitability for the species, thereby minimizing its impact on agricultural output.