Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spartelensis

Systematic position. Meloidogyne spartelensis belongs to the phylum Nematoda, class Chromadorea, order Rhabditida, and family Meloidogynidae. These organisms are highly specialized endoparasites that spend their active life stages within the root tissues of host plants, causing physiological changes in the host's vascular system.

Host plants. This species primarily targets plants within the Fabaceae family. While it often associates with specific wild legumes, its presence in agricultural fields can jeopardize various leguminous crops. The parasite’s ability to survive in the soil allows it to maintain a stable population, especially when susceptible host plants are grown continuously.

Biology and life cycle. The life cycle involves developmental stages from eggs to second-stage infective larvae, which are responsible for colonizing new host roots. Upon entering the roots, the nematodes induce the formation of specialized feeding sites known as giant cells. The females swell into a sedentary, pyriform shape, producing egg masses protected by a gelatinous matrix, facilitating survival in harsh soil conditions.

Character of damage and harm. The most characteristic symptom is the development of galls on the roots, which disrupt nutrient and water uptake. Infected plants exhibit symptoms of mineral deficiency, wilting, stunted growth, and significantly reduced yield. In high-density infestations, the root system can become completely decayed, leading to the collapse and death of the plant.

Protection measures. Managing Meloidogyne spartelensis requires integrated pest management strategies:

• Implementing crop rotation with non-host species, such as cereals, to reduce soil populations.
• Ensuring the use of nematode-free planting material to prevent new infestations.
• Removing and destroying infested plant root systems immediately after harvest to reduce inoculum levels.
• Utilizing soil solarization or chemical nematicides in greenhouse environments to treat the soil before planting.