Antrodia albida

Antrodia albida is a basidiomycetous fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae. It is widely recognized as a wood-decay fungus responsible for causing white rot in various tree species. As a saprotroph, it plays a vital role in decomposing dead organic matter in nature, but it often acts as a pathogen in weakened trees, leading to significant structural degradation of the xylem.

This fungus primarily infects deciduous trees such as oaks, beeches, and poplars, although it can occasionally be found on conifers. The pathogen gains entry through wounds, pruning cuts, or frost cracks in the bark. Once inside, the mycelium colonizes the heartwood and sapwood, secreting enzymes that break down the complex polymers of lignin and cellulose, which are essential for the tree's structural integrity.

The visual signs of infestation are distinct. Fruiting bodies (basidiocarps) develop on the trunks or stumps of infected trees. These structures are typically resupinate or effused-reflexed, with a leathery or corky texture, and range in color from white to creamy-yellow. Internally, the wood loses its density and turns into a fibrous, pale mass, often interspersed with characteristic black zone lines that delineate the fungal colonization area.

Fungal development and spore germination are heavily influenced by environmental factors. High humidity and moderate temperatures between +18°C and +25°C are optimal for the growth of Antrodia albida. Poor forest management, such as leaving large amounts of woody debris or failing to prune damaged branches, provides an ideal substrate for the fungus to establish itself and spread to neighboring healthy trees.

Effective control strategies focus on sanitation and preventative care to reduce the risk of colonization. Regular forest inspections are crucial to identify and remove infected individuals before the fungus sporulates. Additionally, applying protective dressings to pruning wounds, ensuring good air circulation within plantations, and removing stumps helps disrupt the life cycle of the pathogen and preserves the overall health of the forest stand.