Wood ear fungus

Wood ear fungus (Auricularia polytricha) is a species of jelly fungus known for its role as a wood-decaying organism. In forestry and horticulture, it acts as a saprophyte that can opportunistically infect weakened or damaged trees, leading to white rot and the structural degradation of wooden tissues.

This fungus primarily targets broad-leaved tree species, including common orchard fruit trees like apples, pears, and plums. It is frequently observed on elder, oak, and maple trees as well. The presence of the fungus is often a secondary symptom of a tree being already stressed by environmental factors, pests, or improper maintenance routines.

Symptoms of the infection include the emergence of characteristic ear-shaped, hairy fruiting bodies directly from the bark or cracked wood surfaces. Beneath the affected areas, the internal wood structure becomes brittle, spongy, and loses its structural integrity. Over time, the decay process turns the wood into a pale, porous material, which significantly compromises the tree's overall stability.

The development and spread of Auricularia polytricha are heavily dependent on high moisture levels and warm ambient temperatures. Spores are dispersed through wind and splashing rain, entering the tree through pruning wounds, frost cracks, or mechanical damage. Once established, the mycelium rapidly colonizes the weakened tissue, especially during humid summer months.

To protect orchards and plantations, it is essential to focus on hygiene and preventative care. Key management practices include pruning damaged limbs, treating large cuts with specialized sealants, and ensuring adequate drainage to prevent water accumulation near tree bases. Monitoring tree health and removing deadwood prevents the fungus from finding a permanent host in your garden.