Basidiobolomycosis

Basidiobolomycosis is a fungal disease affecting plants, caused by pathogens of the genus Basidiobolus. While these fungi are frequently identified as soil saprobes, they possess the capability to act as opportunistic pathogens under specific environmental conditions, targeting diverse botanical species, particularly those in controlled tropical or greenhouse environments.

The pathogen primarily affects the root systems and the basal parts of stems. It targets a wide range of hosts, including decorative ornamentals and specific vegetable crops. The presence of the fungus in the growing medium allows it to establish an infection rapidly when plant tissues are weakened or stressed due to environmental factors.

Symptoms of the infection manifest as necrotic lesions that progress into rapid tissue softening and rot. As the disease advances, the structural integrity of the plant is compromised, often leading to total collapse of the stem or root necrosis. In humid conditions, a characteristic fungal growth may appear on the surface of the affected areas, signaling active sporulation.

The development and spread of Basidiobolus are strictly governed by temperature and moisture levels. The pathogen thrives in warm environments, typically above 25°C, combined with high humidity. Spores are primarily disseminated through contaminated soil, splashing irrigation water, and the transfer of non-sterile tools between healthy and infected plants.

Effective management requires a multi-faceted approach to disease prevention.

• Implementation of strict sanitation practices for tools and pots.
• Optimization of greenhouse ventilation to reduce air humidity.
• Avoidance of waterlogged soil conditions.
• Routine soil sterilization before replanting.