Black banded disease

Black banded disease is a fungal infection caused by the pathogen Rhinocladium corticum. This disease primarily targets the bark tissues of woody plants, causing necrotic processes that disrupt the tree's health and structural integrity.

The primary host for this pathogen is the mango tree (Mangifera indica). The fungus colonizes the surface of branches and trunks, utilizing the bark as a nutritional substrate, which is particularly common in humid tropical agricultural regions.

The main symptoms include the formation of distinct black, band-like lesions on the bark. These bands are composed of fungal mycelium and spore-producing structures. In severe stages, the bark becomes brittle, cracks, and may lead to the dieback of affected twigs or branches.

Environmental factors, such as high humidity and consistent rainfall, favor the development and spread of the fungus. Dissemination typically occurs through water splashes, wind-blown spores, or contaminated pruning tools used during routine orchard maintenance.

The economic impact of the disease is significant, as it leads to reduced fruit production, limb breakage, and the overall decline of tree vigor. Persistent infections can weaken the plant, making it more susceptible to environmental stressors.

Control and prevention strategies include:

• Prompt excision of infected bark and affected branches.
• Sterilization of pruning equipment between trees to prevent spread.
• Application of copper-based fungicidal pastes to protect pruning wounds.
• Managing tree canopy density to reduce humidity and improve air circulation.