Cadophora luteo-olivacea

Cadophora luteo-olivacea is a fungal pathogen recognized as a significant agent in the complex of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). It is a member of the diverse group of fungi capable of colonizing the woody tissues of grapevines, ultimately leading to the decay of the permanent framework of the plant and systemic physiological dysfunction.

This pathogen primarily targets grapevines (Vitis vinifera), where it colonizes the xylem vessels. While its impact on grapes is well-documented, the fungus is known to be versatile and can occur in various woody hosts. Its role as an endophyte that can become pathogenic under stress makes it a constant threat to vineyard longevity.

The primary clinical symptom is the formation of internal wood necrosis, which appears as brown or olive-colored streaking or dark, wedge-shaped lesions within the woody cylinders. As the fungus progresses, it disrupts the vascular system, leading to restricted water and nutrient flow. In advanced stages, the wood develops a spongy or brittle texture, resulting in vine decline.

The development of the disease is heavily dependent on environmental factors and viticultural practices. High humidity and rainfall promote spore release and dispersal, while large, unprotected pruning wounds act as the primary entry points for infection. Once established, the fungus spreads slowly but persistently throughout the perennial wood.

Effective management requires an integrated approach. Sanitation is the most critical element, as there are no curative fungicides currently available for established wood infections. Growers should focus on pruning hygiene, ensuring that tools are disinfected between vines, and applying protectant wound sealants. Maintaining vigorous vine health through proper irrigation and balanced nutrition remains the best defense against severe outbreaks.