Capsicum chlorosis

Capsicum chlorosis, primarily caused by the Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) of the Tospovirus genus, is a devastating viral disease affecting agricultural production. The virus interferes with the host's physiological processes, specifically targeting the chlorophyll synthesis pathway, which results in the characteristic yellowing of plant foliage.

The disease primarily targets members of the Solanaceae family, with sweet pepper (Sweet Pepper) being one of the most economically significant hosts. Other crops such as tomatoes and various weed species serve as common reservoirs, allowing the virus to persist in the environment throughout different growing seasons.

Symptoms of the infection manifest as irregular chlorotic spots, mosaic patterns, or concentric rings on leaves. Severely affected plants exhibit stunted growth, leaf distortion, and premature necrosis of tissues. Furthermore, fruits from infected plants often display surface markings or irregular ripening, leading to significant yield losses and lower market quality.

The transmission of the virus is predominantly mediated by thrips, particularly the western flower thrips. These insects acquire the virus during their feeding stage and transmit it to healthy plants. Environmental conditions such as warm temperatures and high humidity significantly increase the population density of these insect vectors, thereby accelerating the spread of the disease.

Management strategies focus on an integrated pest management (IPM) approach to minimize vector populations. Key practices include utilizing virus-free planting material, implementing strict weed control measures to eliminate reservoirs, and applying systemic insecticides or using physical barriers like fine-mesh netting to prevent thrips entry into greenhouses.