Anthracnose of lupin

Anthracnose of lupin is a severe fungal disease caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum lupini. This disease is recognized as one of the most destructive threats to lupin cultivation worldwide, capable of causing devastating crop losses when environmental conditions favor the fungus.

The host range is primarily limited to various species of the Lupinus genus, including white, yellow, and narrow-leafed lupin. The pathogen can attack all aerial parts of the plant, including stems, leaves, inflorescences, and pods, throughout the entire growth cycle.

Key symptoms include the development of necrotic, sunken lesions on stems, petioles, and leaves, often accompanied by dark brown or black margins. As the disease progresses, stem lesions cause the plant to twist and collapse. Pods become heavily spotted, leading to seed abortion or infection of the seeds themselves.

The development and spread of Colletotrichum lupini are heavily favored by warm, humid weather conditions, particularly high relative humidity and frequent rainfall, which facilitate spore dispersal through rain splashes. The pathogen can survive on infected seeds and crop debris, serving as the primary source of infection in subsequent seasons.

Management strategies focus on the integration of multiple approaches. Growers should prioritize the use of certified, disease-free seed, implement long-term crop rotations, and ensure the destruction of infected stubble. Fungicidal applications during critical vegetative stages are essential for controlling the spread of the disease in high-risk areas.

• Utilizing resistant cultivars.
• Seed treatment with systemic fungicides.
• Maintaining a minimum 5-year crop rotation.
• Sanitation and field hygiene protocols.