Colletotrichum serranegrense

Colletotrichum serranegrense is a fungal phytopathogen responsible for causing anthracnose across various plant species. As a member of the diverse Colletotrichum genus, this fungus is known for its aggressive colonization strategies, which can compromise the health and productivity of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide.

The fungus acts as a pathogen that targets above-ground plant organs, such as leaves, stems, and fruits. It penetrates the plant's epidermis through specialized structures called appressoria, subsequently secreting enzymes and secondary metabolites that degrade cell walls, leading to the development of necrotic lesions and tissue collapse.

Visible symptoms typically include dark, sunken lesions that may enlarge and coalesce over time. In high humidity, the centers of these lesions often produce visible conidial masses, which appear as orange or pinkish gelatinous droplets. If left unmanaged, the infection can cause significant yield loss, fruit rot, and total plant wilting.

The development and spread of C. serranegrense are primarily driven by warm, humid environments, especially when rainfall is frequent. The spores (conidia) are dispersed primarily by water splashing, wind, and the movement of contaminated agricultural machinery or infected planting material, facilitating secondary spread within a crop canopy.

• Implementation of certified, disease-free seed programs.
• Use of resistant cultivars when available.
• Integrated disease management (IDM) using systemic and contact fungicides.
• Sanitation practices, including the removal and destruction of crop residues.

The economic impact of this disease is significant, as it affects both the quantity and the shelf-life of harvestable produce. Successful control relies on a combination of cultural practices that lower humidity around the canopy and a strategic application of chemical treatments at the first signs of disease manifestation to minimize overall damage.