Cryptovalsa ampelina

Cryptovalsa ampelina is a pathogenic fungus responsible for significant trunk and cordon diseases in vineyards. By colonizing the woody tissue of the vine, this pathogen disrupts vascular transport, leading to a decline in vine health and, eventually, the death of individual branches or the entire plant.

The primary symptoms manifest during the growing season as stunted shoot growth, short internodes, and smaller-than-average leaves that often display marginal chlorosis or necrosis. A key diagnostic feature is observed when cutting through an infected trunk or cordon: necrotic, wedge-shaped tissue ranging from brown to black is visible, indicating deep-seated wood degradation.

Transmission of the disease occurs mainly through fungal spores released during wet weather. These spores enter the vine through open wounds, specifically those created during winter pruning. Large cuts that are not treated are particularly vulnerable, as the pathogen exploits these entry points to establish its mycelial network within the vine's interior.

The economic impact of Cryptovalsa ampelina is severe, as it is a latent, progressive disease. Yield reduction occurs over multiple years as the infection spreads within the woody structure, making it difficult for growers to manage effectively. Once a vine is systemically infected, there is no curative chemical treatment, making early detection and preventive hygiene essential.

• Practice late pruning to reduce the window of spore susceptibility.
• Apply protective wound sealants immediately after pruning large branches.
• Sanitize pruning tools between different vines to prevent mechanical cross-contamination.
• Remove and destroy dead or highly symptomatic wood from the vineyard.
• Maintain vine vigor through proper irrigation and nutrition to increase natural defenses.