Bird's nest fungus

Cyathus stercoreus, commonly known as the dung-loving bird's nest fungus, is a species of fungus in the Nidulariaceae family. Unlike pathogenic fungi that attack living plant tissues, this species is a saprotroph, meaning it gains its nutrients by decomposing dead and decaying organic material.

The fungus is not a disease-causing agent for agricultural crops. Its presence is strictly linked to the availability of organic matter, such as manure, mulch, or wood chips. In agricultural settings, it is often seen as a biological indicator that the organic fertilizers applied have not yet reached a state of full maturation.

Morphologically, the fungus is very distinct. The fruiting bodies resemble small, cup-like structures containing tiny spore packets called peridioles, which look like eggs in a nest. These structures are designed to splash spores out when raindrops hit the cup, aiding in the dispersal of the fungus across the soil surface.

The development of Cyathus stercoreus requires high moisture levels and an abundance of decaying organic substrate. It thrives in high-nutrient environments, often emerging in greenhouses, garden beds with heavy mulch applications, or fields where raw manure has been spread without prior composting.

Management practices do not require chemical intervention, as the fungus is harmless to healthy crops. The primary preventive measure is to ensure that all organic matter is thoroughly composted before application. Proper soil aeration and managing moisture levels within the greenhouse can also effectively reduce the colonization of this fungus.

• Apply only fully matured compost.
• Avoid using raw, non-decomposed manure.
• Improve drainage in high-humidity areas.
• Monitor substrate moisture levels.