Cylindrocladiella lageniformis

The disease is caused by the fungus Cylindrocladiella lageniformis, a soil-borne pathogen that primarily targets the root system and crown of plants. It belongs to the order Hypocreales and is recognized for its ability to persist in soil environments through resting structures, facilitating long-term survival until a suitable host is available.

This pathogen impacts a wide range of horticultural, forestry, and ornamental plant species. It is particularly destructive in nursery settings where young, succulent plants are grown in high-density environments, making them highly susceptible to infection under poor sanitation protocols.

Symptoms of the disease typically include severe wilting, chlorosis, and stunting of the plant's aerial parts. Beneath the surface, the roots exhibit necrotic lesions, tissue softening, and a reduction in root biomass, which prevents the plant from absorbing necessary water and nutrients from the growing medium.

The development of the disease is strictly linked to environmental conditions, particularly high humidity and warm temperatures ranging from 20°C to 28°C. The fungus spreads rapidly through contaminated water, infested soil particles, and the movement of infected plant material within nursery blocks.

The pathogenicity of Cylindrocladiella lageniformis leads to significant economic losses for growers. Affected plants often become unsalable due to poor vitality, and in severe cases, the infection can cause high mortality rates within nursery batches, necessitating systematic chemical and cultural intervention.

Effective management and protection strategies include:

• Strict adherence to sanitary practices in propagation areas.
• Implementation of proper irrigation management to avoid waterlogged soil.
• Disinfection of pots, tools, and substrates using recommended fungicides.
• Regular monitoring for early signs of root decay and immediate rogueing of infected plants.
• Maintaining good airflow to reduce humidity and prevent spore germination.