Fusarium rot caused by Fusarium keratoplasticum

Fusarium keratoplasticum is a pathogenic microscopic fungus belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex. This pathogen induces fusarium-related diseases characterized by the destruction of the plant's vascular system and tissues, leading to metabolic disruption, necrotic lesions, and the eventual decline or death of agricultural and ornamental species.

The host range for this pathogen primarily includes woody plants, cacti, as well as various vegetable and industrial crops. The fungus acts as a soil-borne pathogen, entering the plant through mechanical root injuries or the root collar, subsequently colonizing the vascular tissues and obstructing nutrient flow.

Symptoms of infection manifest as leaf chlorosis, wilting of shoots, the appearance of dark or brown lesions on the root collar, and soft rot of the root system. Under high humidity, a distinctive fungal mycelium ranging from white to pinkish hues, containing conidia, may develop on the surface of the affected plant parts.

The development of the infection is favored by elevated soil temperatures, excessive soil moisture, mechanical damage, and reduced host immunity caused by stress. The pathogen is highly resilient due to its ability to persist in the soil for extended periods as chlamydospores, making it difficult to eradicate once established.

Integrated pest management strategies include strict crop rotation, soil and seed sterilization, moisture control, and the deployment of resistant cultivars. Effective control relies on the application of systemic fungicides in conjunction with robust agronomic practices designed to optimize plant vitality and minimize the pathogen's ability to propagate.