Mango malformation disease

The causative agent of this devastating disease is the fungus Fusarium mangiferae, which is a member of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. It is responsible for the condition commonly known as mango malformation, one of the most serious pathological challenges for mango growers globally.

The primary host for this fungus is the mango tree (Mangifera indica). The pathogen specifically targets the plant's floral organs and vascular system, severely disrupting reproductive processes and reducing the overall vitality of the tree over time.

Symptoms are highly characteristic, involving severe distortion of inflorescences, often referred to as "witch's broom." These malformed flowers are typically sterile, dense, and fail to set fruit. Additionally, vegetative malformation can occur, where shoots become stunted with shortened internodes and deformed leaves.

The development and spread of Fusarium mangiferae are heavily influenced by environmental conditions such as high relative humidity and moderate temperatures during the flowering stage. Spores are disseminated by wind, rain splashes, and importantly, by certain insects like mango hoppers that facilitate the entry of the fungus into the plant tissue.

Economic damage is substantial, as infected trees often become completely unproductive. Effective management requires an integrated strategy:

• Regular pruning and destruction of infected inflorescences.
• Timely application of systemic fungicides to prevent colonization.
• Implementation of pest control programs to reduce insect vector populations.
• Strict sanitation protocols for orchard equipment and tools.