Macrophoma leaf spot of mango

Macrophoma leaf spot is a fungal disease caused by the pathogen Macrophoma mangiferae. This fungus is a significant threat to mango production, impacting both the aesthetic quality of the foliage and the overall physiological health of the trees.

The primary host for this pathogen is the mango tree (Mangifera indica). While the infection predominantly affects leaves, causing premature senescence, it can also manifest on twigs and ripening fruits, leading to storage rot and loss of market value.

Symptoms typically start as small, irregular necrotic spots on the leaf blades. As the infection progresses, these spots expand, often turning dark brown or black. A diagnostic feature is the appearance of tiny, black fruiting bodies known as pycnidia scattered across the necrotic tissue.

The disease thrives in humid, warm environments where leaf wetness is persistent. Rain splashes and wind are the primary vectors for spore dispersal, allowing the fungus to spread rapidly throughout an orchard during the rainy season or in regions with high atmospheric humidity.

Integrated disease management is essential for control. This includes strict orchard sanitation, such as removing and destroying infected branches and leaf litter. Protective fungicide applications during the flushing stages are recommended to prevent new infections and ensure the health of the fruit canopy.