Meliola mangiferae

Meliola mangiferae is a fungal pathogen belonging to the Meliolaceae family, commonly associated with the formation of sooty mold on various tropical plants. The fungus grows superficially on the leaf surface, forming a dark, crust-like mycelial network that covers the host's foliage.

The primary host for this fungus is the mango tree (Mangifera indica). While the disease is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, it primarily affects orchards where environmental conditions are favorable for both the pathogen and the insect vectors that facilitate its spread.

The most visible symptom is a black, velvet-like coating on the upper surface of leaves, stems, and sometimes fruit. Although the fungus is non-parasitic in the sense that it does not penetrate plant tissues, it causes significant damage by blocking sunlight and hindering photosynthesis, eventually leading to leaf drop and stunted growth.

The development of Meliola mangiferae is strictly dependent on the presence of honeydew-secreting insects, such as aphids, scale insects, and whiteflies. These insects excrete a sticky substance that provides the necessary nutrients for the fungal spores to germinate and colonize the plant surface.

Effective management focuses on controlling the insect population that produces honeydew. Once the insects are eradicated, the fungal growth usually halts. Cultural practices such as pruning to improve canopy ventilation and light penetration are essential to creating an environment that is unfavorable for fungal development.

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for aphids and scales
• Regular pruning to increase airflow
• Removal of infected plant debris
• Application of appropriate fungicides if necessary