Ghost fungus

Ghost fungus (Omphalotus nidiformis) is a wood-decaying fungus recognized as a significant pathogen that induces white rot in timber and living trees. In an agronomic context, it acts as a necrotrophic parasite that targets stressed or damaged trees, utilizing their structural integrity as a nutrient source.

The host range of Omphalotus nidiformis primarily includes various hardwood species, with a notable affinity for Eucalyptus and Banksia genera. The fungus enters the plant through compromised bark, pruning wounds, or existing cavities, eventually penetrating deep into the sapwood and heartwood.

Symptoms are identified by the development of fan-shaped or funnel-shaped fruit bodies near the base of the trunk. Internally, the wood becomes bleached, soft, and fibrous as the fungus degrades lignin and cellulose. A unique diagnostic feature is the bioluminescent nature of its gills, which glow with a green light at night.

Optimal environmental conditions for the fungus involve high relative humidity and moderate temperate zones. Spore dispersal is highly efficient during moist weather, with spores entering the vascular system or deep bark fissures. Stagnant water and poor air circulation around tree bases significantly increase the probability of a successful infection.

Effective management strategies center on hygiene and structural maintenance of trees. Essential practices include the removal of infected wood debris, sterilization of pruning tools to avoid cross-contamination, and the application of protective wound dressings on large cuts. Maintaining tree vigor through balanced nutrition and avoiding root-zone compaction are the best forms of long-term prevention.