Pseudofabraea citricarpa

Pseudofabraea citricarpa is a pathogenic fungus belonging to the Ascomycota class, known to cause specific lesions on various citrus crops. This pathogen represents a significant challenge for citrus producers, as it directly impacts both the health of the tree and the quality of the fruits, often leading to substantial post-harvest or pre-harvest economic losses.

The disease primarily targets citrus species, including lemons, oranges, and mandarins. The infection affects the leaves and fruits, causing localized tissue death. If left uncontrolled, the presence of the pathogen can lead to severe defoliation and fruit drop, weakening the tree's vigor and reducing the total yield potential of the orchard.

Symptom expression usually begins with the appearance of dark, sunken spots on the fruit peel and leaf blades. These spots are often characterized by a defined margin and sometimes a chlorotic halo. As the disease progresses, the pathogen produces fruiting bodies that release spores, which are then disseminated by wind or splashing rain to infect healthy tissues.

The development and spread of Pseudofabraea citricarpa are highly dependent on environmental factors, specifically moisture and temperature. The fungus thrives in humid conditions and persistent rain, which are conducive to spore germination. The pathogen typically overwinters in plant debris, such as fallen leaves or mummified fruits remaining on the ground or in the canopy.

Effective management and control strategies include:

• Sanitary pruning to remove infected branches and fruit.
• Strict removal and disposal of leaf litter to reduce the primary inoculum.
• Application of fungicides, such as copper-based products, during periods of high disease pressure.
• Improving orchard airflow through proper canopy management.
• Monitoring weather conditions to time preventative fungicide applications effectively.