Split gill fungus

The split gill fungus (Schizophyllum commune) is a common wood-decaying organism belonging to the Schizophyllaceae family. While primarily a decomposer of dead wood, it acts as an opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting living trees, especially those that are stressed, injured, or have low vitality.

The fungus is characterized by its unique reproductive structures, which are small, fan-shaped, and covered in fine, white-to-gray hairs. The defining feature is the gills on the underside of the fruit body, which are split longitudinally. These gills contain spores that are highly resilient and easily dispersed by wind, allowing the fungus to colonize new hosts rapidly.

In terms of host range, this pathogen affects a wide variety of deciduous trees, including fruit trees like apples, pears, and plums, as well as many forest species. The fungus invades the tree through wounds, frost cracks, or improper pruning cuts, initiating a decay process that results in white rot, eventually weakening the wood structure and making branches brittle.

Favorable conditions for the fungus include high humidity and moderate temperatures, which facilitate the rapid growth of mycelium within the wood. Once established, the fungus can survive for long periods, slowly compromising the tree's vascular system. This leads to symptoms such as reduced vigor, stunted leaf growth, and dieback of affected branches.

Control and prevention revolve around maintaining tree health and minimizing entry points for fungal spores. Essential management practices include:

• Prompt removal and destruction of infected or dead wood.
• Proper pruning techniques to ensure fast healing of wounds.
• Applying wound sealants to major cuts to block entry for pathogens.
• Sanitizing pruning tools between trees to prevent the spread of spores.