Trichoderma pseudokoningii

Trichoderma pseudokoningii is a species of soil-borne fungi that, despite belonging to a genus often used in biocontrol agents, can exhibit phytopathogenic properties. Under specific agroecological conditions, this species acts as a parasite, causing tissue rot and inhibiting plant growth, which categorizes it as a significant potential threat to agricultural production.

This pathogen primarily affects the root systems, stems, and seeds of a wide range of crops. Plants at risk include vegetables, cereals, and ornamentals, especially when grown under greenhouse conditions or in soils with poor drainage. The fungus actively colonizes organic matter in the soil before spreading to the living tissues of weakened plants.

The primary symptoms of infection include darkening of the roots, softening of tissues, and subsequent decay, leading to the wilting of the aerial parts of the plant. Upon close inspection of affected areas, a loose, white or greenish mycelium can often be observed, which tends to densify over time. Seed infection typically manifests as mold formation and pre-emergence damping-off.

The development of Trichoderma pseudokoningii is favored by high soil and air humidity (exceeding 70-80%) and inadequate soil aeration. The optimal temperature range for fungal growth is between 20°C and 28°C. The infection spreads actively through contaminated soil, poor-quality planting material, and unsterilized agricultural tools used during field operations.

Control measures require an integrated approach aimed at creating unfavorable conditions for the pathogen's spread:

• Ensuring optimal soil drainage to prevent waterlogging.
• Using high-quality, disinfected seeds and transplants.
• Practicing crop rotation to disrupt the life cycle of the pathogen in the soil.
• Applying appropriate fungicides upon early detection of infection spots.
• Maintaining soil aeration through regular cultivation and loosening.