Marts

Winter variety. Obtained at the VNIIIS named after I. V. Michurin from a hybridization of McIntosh with Antonovka ordinary. Breeders: Z. I Ivanova., G. A. Lobanov, V. K. Zaets, S. I. Isaev. Acclimatized in the Central and Middle Volga regions. It is widespread in the Central-Chernozem and Nonchernozem zones and adjacent regions.

The tree is vigorous, fast growing. The crown is broadly pyramidal, of medium density. Skeletal branches are thick, departing from the trunk at an angle close to straight. Branches of the second and third orders are located compactly at an acute angle, with branch tips directed upward. Bearing on ringlets and partially on fruit spurs. The bark on the bole and main scaffold branches is grayish-brown, smooth - the appearance of the bark of the tree's trunk resembles the trunk of a common mountain ash.

Shoots are knee-like, pubescent, with dark cherry colored bark. Lenticels are small and inconspicuous. Leaves are large or medium, elongated, oval with a slightly curled tip and an arcuate base, dark green. The leaf plate is even, wrinkled, slightly folded along the central vein, the edge of the leaf is slightly wavy, raised. Toothedness - serrate-crenate, sometimes with paired teeth. Petiole is medium in length and thickness, located on the shoot at an acute angle. Stipules are small.

Flowers are medium, white, fragrant; petals are oval. Pistil column is medium; stigmas are at the same level as stamens.

Fruits are of medium size (145 g) or above average with a maximum weight of up to 200 g, flattened-round in shape, with strongly smoothed wide ribs, smooth. Fruit skin is dense and smooth. Coloring at harvest maturity: main - greenish or green, covering - in the form of small brownish-red blush, which intensifies during storage. Subcutaneous points are large, gray. Pedicel is medium in length and thickness. Funnel is deep, medium width, greenish. Calyx is closed or half-open. Receptacle is deep, medium width, pleated. Heart is large, bulbous, located closer to the top of the fruit. Chambers are large, semi-open. Axial cavity is wide, short. Subcalyx tube is cylindrical. Seeds are medium, dark brown.

The flesh of the fruit is greenish or white, medium density, fine-grained, juicy, tender, sub-oily. Fruits contain: sugars - 11.7 mg/100g, titratable acids - 0.40%, ascorbic acid - 17.6 mg/100 g, sum of P-active substances - 223 mg/100g.

Harvest maturity occurs in the last decade of September.

Fruits are evenly distributed throughout the crown; it is advisable to pick them in two terms as they ripen.

Fruits picked from the tree immature will “burn” during storage.

The fruits hold firmly on the tree. They are quite dense and withstand sorting, packaging and transportation over long distances well at picking. It is characterized by high fruit marketability - 90-92%. The period of consumption of fresh fruit ends in March. The main purpose is for consumption in fresh form, but it is also suitable for technical processing.

The variety is self-infertile. As pollinators, Northern Sinap, Renet Chernenko and Bogatyr can be recommended.

The variety is precocious, entering into fruiting at the age of 5-6 years after planting in a garden; yields in the tenth year are 110 kg per tree. In young ages, fruiting is annual; with age - slightly irregular.

Trees develop well on seedlings of cultural varieties, Chinese and vegetatively propagated rootstocks. It lends itself well to various types of formation and planting designs.

Winter hardiness is at the level of Antonovka ordinary.

Advantages of the variety: good winter hardiness, a crown convenient for pruning and shaping, annual and high yields, large fruits with excellent market qualities.

Disadvantages of the variety: large trees, weak resistance to scab, fruits picked immature from the tree tend to sunburn during storage.